showed a trendp = 0.09
Exercise volume Although the subgroup analysis showed a trend toward statistical significance in FBG (χ 2 = 2.91, p = 0.09) and 2-hPBG (χ 2 = 3.20, p = 0.07) across exercise volumes, the high-volume subgroup (>600 MET-min/week) demonstrated substantially greater effects on FBG (SMD = −2.26, 95 % CI [−3.40, −1.13], I 2 = 97 %, p < 0.0001) and 2-hPBG (SMD = −3.24, 95 % CI [−5.01, −1.48], I 2 = 98 %, p = 0.0003).