Effect of carnosine or beta-alanine supplementation therapy for prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BMC Endocr Disord · 2025 · PMC12465787 · PMID 40999397

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Notably, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Beta-cell Function (HOMA-β) values were improved, suggesting enhanced β-cell function, while changes in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) did not reach statistical significance.

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