Neuregulin 4 inhibits synovial macrophage pro-inflammatory polarization via ErbB4/Stat5b/NF-κB signaling to alleviate osteoarthritis progression.

Consistent with these findings, the expression of the pro-inflammatory macrophage marker iNOS was markedly decreased, while the expression of the anti-inflammatory macrophage marker Arg1 tended to increase, although this increase did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.071), in the synovial membrane of these mice (Fig. 3 E-H).

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