highly significantp < 0.001
Compared to the control, the AKBA + Cis combination induced a highly significant increase in p53 ( p < 0.001) and caspase-3 ( p < 0.001), and a significant decrease in NF-κB expression ( p < 0.001).
Compared to the control, the AKBA + Cis combination induced a highly significant increase in p53 ( p < 0.001) and caspase-3 ( p < 0.001), and a significant decrease in NF-κB expression ( p < 0.001).
Quantification of Cytokine Levels in A549 Cells Treated with AKBA and Cis Cytokine analysis demonstrated that the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly reduced in the combination therapy group compared to the control group, whereas reductions in some monotherapy groups did not reach statistical significance.