The Cardiovascular Effects of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy with Biologics and Small Molecules: A Comprehensive Review.

J Clin Med · 2025 · PMC12470398 · PMID 41010679

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Although the hazard ratio for MACE (HR 1.33; 95% CI, 0.91–1.94) did not reach statistical significance, the results led to a class-wide update in product labeling and the issuance of black-box warnings for all JAK inhibitors.

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