Between Air and Artery: A History of Cardiopulmonary Bypass and the Rise of Modern Cardiac Surgery.

Randomized and registry evidence supports the selective use of ECMO in severe respiratory failure: the CESAR trial showed improved survival without severe disability at 6 months in patients referred to an ECMO center; EOLIA, while underpowered for its primary endpoint, demonstrated a strong trend toward lower 60-day mortality with early VV-ECMO and permitted crossover rescue.

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