Pharmacokinetic Profiling Using <sup>3</sup>H-Labeled Eggshell Membrane and Effects of Eggshell Membrane and Lysozyme Oral Supplementation on DSS-Induced Colitis and Human Gut Microbiota.

Between-group comparisons revealed a significant increase in alpha diversity in the eggshell membrane group beginning at 1 week, with highly significant differences observed at 8 weeks (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; Figure 7 C).

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The relative abundance of Bacteroidales (phylum Bacteroidetes ), a dominant bacterial group, increased in the DSS group ( p = 0.057), while the DSS + ESM group showed a trend toward normalization ( p = 0.054), indicating a strong tendency.

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However, in the groups that consumed ESM and LYZ, although no statistically significant differences were observed in the macroscopic evaluation, a slight trend toward recovery in colon length was observed, prompting histological evaluation ( Figure 4 A).

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