From Uremic Toxins to Hemodialysis Access Failure: IL-8 and MCP-1 Chemokines as a Link Between Endothelial Activation and AV Access Complications.

In contrast, the IKK/NF-κB inhibitor BAY117082 induced a modest reduction in chemokine expression, but this effect did not reach statistical significance ( Supplemental Figure S2 ), suggesting that NF-κB was not a major contributor.

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