Additionally, a highly significant interaction between cohort and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection ( p < 0.001) indicated that individuals with hybrid immunity, defined as natural infection followed by vaccination, had the highest antibody levels ( Figure 2 , left panel).
Significant effects were observed for anti-S IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2 ( p = 0.021), although the interaction between cohort and vaccine type did not achieve significance ( p = 0.083) ( Figure 6 ).
The TR cohort demonstrated higher levels of educational attainment and vaccination coverage, reflecting the success of targeted public health interventions, while variations in prior SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and vaccine regimens were noted, these differences did not reach statistical significance, suggesting overall consistency in exposure and immunization practices across the cohorts.