Non-invasive goal-directed fluid therapy with the pleth variability index (PVI): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

J Clin Monit Comput · 2025 · PMC12474725 · PMID 40778974

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showed a trendno p-value reported

Notably, individual studies consistently showed a trend toward reduced fluid administration in the PVI group, with effect sizes ranging from − 1063.00 mL to − 335.20 mL.

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