How is Gaia doing? Trends in global land degradation and improvement.

Ambio · 2025 · PMC12480325 · PMID 40272763

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a negative trendno p-value reported

Degrading areas were identified, first, by a negative trend of sum NDVI.

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a positive trendno p-value reported

Improving areas were identified by: (1) a positive trend in sum NDVI and a negative correlation with rainfall; (2) a positive trend in sum NDVI and positive RUE and EUE.

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practically significantno p-value reported

It is hard to distinguish between statistically significant changes and practically significant changes—short-term variability reflects seasonal weather and local management decisions—but maps of long-standing trends should be on the desks, or pinned to the wall, in front of every policy maker.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.