3.3.1 The global disease burden of HFAF in older women and older men From 1990 to 2021, the global disease burden of HFAF in older females showed an increasing trend.
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Global, regional, and national burden of hip fractures attributable to falls in older adults: changes from 1990-2021 and 2036 projections.
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Although ASIR [average annual percent change (AAPC) = 0.322%, 95% CI: 0.254, 0.389] and ASPR (AAPC = 0.445%, 95% CI: 0.400%, 0.489%) showed increasing trends, ASYR (AAPC = −0.253%, 95% CI: −0.337%, −0.169%) showed a decreasing trend.
However, the cohort effect on YLDs showed a trend of initial increase followed by decrease, which may be influenced by medical policies for hip fracture treatment and care in different periods.