Lifestyle and hormonal factors affecting semen quality and sperm DNA integrity: A cross-sectional study.

Oncoscience · 2025 · PMC12490863 · PMID 41048990

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.1640

closest p · 3.3× alpha

0.1640

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep < 0.164not close (p > 0.1)

Although SDF levels were higher in smokers, the association did not reach statistical significance in our cohort ( p < 0.164), in contrast to Yang et al.

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a possible trendno p-value reported

Although midpiece defects approached statistical significance, indicating a possible trend toward structural sperm damage, parameters such as semen volume, head and tail defects, and progressive motility did not show significant differences.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.