Tumor necrosis factor promotes doublecortin-like kinase 1 expression and cellular reprogramming in intestinal epithelial cells leading to neoplastic transformation.

However, when normalized to β-actin, Dclk1-S levels exhibited an increasing trend in both TNF-treated WT and Tnfrsf1a −/− mice compared to PBS controls, although these increases did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 3 G), possibly due to the small sample size and high inter-individual variability.

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