What makes a confident surgeon? Perspectives from surgical trainees and surgeons in Kenya, China, and Mali.

BMC Med Educ · 2025 · PMC12492704 · PMID 41039490

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0570

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0570

boldest claim

The sentences

approached significancep = 0.057so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Demographic factors; Respondent identity ( p = 0.426), training period ( p = 0.351, although > 5 years approached significance: OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 0.98–5.92, p = 0.057 vs. 6 months), and working load ( p = 0.128) were not significant independent predictors in this final adjusted model.

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