Similarly, freezing duration and the percentage of time spent freezing tended to be higher in the HP group than the NP group during the contextual fear conditioning test (on the second day), although the difference did not reach statistical significance (freezing duration: 119.0 ± 51.37 s vs. 92.93 ± 36.95 s, P = 0.058; percentage of time freezing: 39.7 ± 17.1 % vs. 31.0 ± 12.3 %, P = 0.058, Fig.
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CD19 + B cell and neutrophil populations exhibited an increasing trend in HP-fed mice, though these differences did not reach statistical significance. 3.5 Dietary Pi alters RNA expression in hippocampus Given the significant differences in behavioral patterns suggestive of increased anxiety-like behavior in HP-fed mice, we conducted an unbiased transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify potential molecular mechanisms underlying these behavioral changes in the hippocampus, a brain region involved in anxiety-related behavior and stress responses.