Maternal glucose concentrations and DNA methylation of genes related to the PPAR signaling pathway in human placenta: insights for maternal glucose concentrations' effects on neonatal anthropometrics.

There were no associations of maternal 1 h-PG concentrations with DNA methylation, except that decreased DNA methylation levels in RXRB ( β = − 0.04, 95% CI − 0.07, 0.00) and NR1H3 ( β = − 0.03, 95% CI − 0.06, 0.00) with borderline statistical significance were observed (Table 2 ). Although most sex interaction terms did not reach statistical significance, the associations between maternal FPG concentrations and decreased DNA methylation levels of PPAR genes appeared to be stronger in women carrying male fetuses (Table 3 ).

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