Assessing the knowledge of ethical clearance and animal welfare among researchers in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study.

Vet World · 2025 · PMC12501603 · PMID 41064822

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0730

closest p · 1.5× alpha

0.0730

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.073so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

A marginally significant difference was observed in the UN of ethical clearance (U = 952.50, p = 0.073).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

However, the difference did not reach statistical significance at α = 0.05.

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