Effects of oral, oronasal, and oronasal breathing with a decongested nose during incremental maximal exercise testing of well-trained endurance athletes: a randomized cross-over study.

Front Physiol · 2025 · PMC12504478 · PMID 41070151

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Although these differences did not reach statistical significance, effect size estimates (Cohen’s d = 0.19–0.28) suggest a small to potentially meaningful physiological impact.

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