Correlation Between Skin-to-Subarachnoid Space Depth in the Lumbar Region Measured by Ultrasound and Needle Insertion Depth: A Prospective Observational Study.

USG measurements showed a very strong positive correlation with the actual needle insertion depth, with a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of 0.94 and a highly significant p-value of <0.001, indicating excellent reliability of USG in predicting the skin-to-subarachnoid space distance.

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Influence of patient characteristics Gender-Related Effects On subgroup analysis (Table 4 ), males demonstrated numerically greater depths across all methods; these differences did not reach statistical significance after applying Bonferroni correction for three comparisons (corrected α = 0.05/3 = 0.0167).

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