Cigarette smoke extract promotes metastasis and oxaliplatin resistance in colon adenocarcinoma through GDF15/ERBB2/AKT pathway.

Eur J Med Res · 2025 · PMC12512532 · PMID 41074114

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Although Model IV suggested a worse prognosis associated with smoking history, it did not reach statistical significance (Table 1 ).

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