The Presence of Both Tumor Spread through Air Spaces and Visceral Pleural Invasion May Increase Tumor Recurrence Risk in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg · 2025 · PMC12518974 · PMID 41083334

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

In the overall cohort of patients, VPI was associated with significantly increased overall recurrence and a trend toward decreased overall survival that did not reach statistical significance, likely due to the small sample size.

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