Advances in the study of oral microbiota in association with T2DM: a systematic review.

Front Cell Infect Microbiol · 2025 · PMC12521273 · PMID 41104128

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Firmicutes was the phylum most frequently associated with T2DM, reported in all 14 studies, and consistently showed an increasing trend.

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showed a trendno p-value reported

gingivalis) also showed a trend of increased abundance in several studies ( Gu et al., 2024 ).

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Proteobacteria were mentioned in five studies, with most reporting a decreasing trend ( Cortelli et al., 2014 ; Kampoo et al., 2014 ; Shi et al., 2020 ; Guo et al., 2023 ; Tang et al., 2025 ).

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