The effect of nicotine delivery system on blood protease levels: a randomized crossover study.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC12521394 · PMID 41087506

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

After adjustment for nicotine, we found IQOS induced lower levels of all 3 proteases compared to JUUL and lower levels of MMP9 compared to UBC, albeit these comparisons did not reach statistical significance.

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