A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preoperative Biliary Drainage Methods in Periampullary Tumors.

J Clin Med · 2025 · PMC12524691 · PMID 41096177

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.7330

closest p · 14.7× alpha

0.7330

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.733not close (p > 0.1)

Infectious complications Infectious complications rate difference between ERBD and ENBD/PTBD did not reach statistical significance (RR = 1.13, p = 0.733).

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

In recent years, PTBD has shown a decreasing trend in practice due to a lower quality of life among patients waiting for surgery, the risk of tumoral spread and other serious complications (e.g., catheter dislodgement, bleeding, external bile loss) [ 58 , 59 ].

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