Satellite observed trends of global mean net atmospheric shortwave and longwave irradiances and diabatic heating by precipitation.

A positive trend for the net atmosphere irradiance is, therefore, to warm the atmosphere, hence to reduce radiative cooling.

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In summary, the global mean net atmospheric total irradiance trend derived from ~18 years of Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data is slightly negative because a positive trend in net atmospheric shortwave and a negative trend in net atmospheric longwave nearly cancel.

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Rates of precipitation change predicted by the coupled model intercomparison project-phase5 (CMIP5) models for representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and RCP8.5 future projections have a substantial spread, but all models predict an increasing trend of precipitation ( 13 ).

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