Comparative efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Front Neurol · 2025 · PMC12527846 · PMID 41111957

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hedged sentences

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closest p

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boldest claim

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close to being significantno p-value reported

Only the comparison between TPS and tACS * 10 is close to being significant when compared to sham.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Regarding inattention, both transcranial pulse stimulation (SMD = −2.62, 95% CI: −6.35 to 1.12) and transcranial alternating current stimulation 10 Hz (SMD = −2.35, 95% CI: −5.00 to 0.30) showed favorable trends in comparison with sham; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance, though they approached the threshold.

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