Biomarker changes before and after the 2024 peak burning period in healthy, diabetic, and hypertensive residents of Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Front Public Health · 2025 · PMC12554722 · PMID 41158558

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0500

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0540

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep > 0.05actually significant

Nevertheless, subgroup comparisons within each age–gender stratum again did not reach statistical significance (all p > 0.05; p ranged approximately 0.428–0.940).

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borderline significantp = 0.054so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Across age groups, significant increases in urinary 1-OHP and serum CC16 were observed in all three strata (≤50 years, 50–60 years, and >60 years), whereas serum 8-iso-PGF 2 α showed significant increases in the 50–60 year group ( p < 0.001) but not in the ≤ 50 year group ( p = 0.320) and was borderline significant in the >60 year group ( p = 0.054).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.