Fava bean plant performance and fertility dynamics in Mars regolith simulant-based substrates for space farming.

Front Plant Sci · 2025 · PMC12556254 · PMID 41158687

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a clear trendno p-value reported

Finally, the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ, Figure 2d ; Supplementary Table S2 ) revealed a clear trend of enhanced thermal dissipation in the regolith-based substrates (R100 and R70C30), which were significantly higher than all other treatments (p ≤ 0.001) at both sampling dates.

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