Acute caffeine ingestion improves sport-specific and cognitive performance in elite badminton athletes.

Front Nutr · 2025 · PMC12558758 · PMID 41164361

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0790

closest p · 1.6× alpha

0.0790

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.079so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) As shown in Figure 8a , independent t-test results indicated that the mean heart rate in the caffeine condition (166.50 ± 8.75 bpm) was slightly higher than in the placebo condition (161.86 ± 10.22 bpm), but the difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.079).

also in 111,027 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.