Parental Language Mixing in Montreal: Rates, Predictors, and Relation to Infants' Vocabulary Size.

Behav Sci (Basel) · 2025 · PMC12561030 · PMID 41153161

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0640

closest p · 1.3× alpha

0.0640

boldest claim

The sentences

only marginally significantp = 0.064so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

When coded relative to parents’ language dominance, parents reported switching from their non-dominant to dominant language ( M = 2.10, SD = 1.83) more often than from their dominant to non-dominant language ( M = 1.93, SD = 1.81), although this difference was small and only marginally significant, t (367) = 1.86, p = 0.064, d = 0.09.

also in 5,072 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.