The Effectiveness of Professional Development in the Self-Efficacy of In-Service Teachers in STEM Education: A Meta-Analysis.

Behav Sci (Basel) · 2025 · PMC12561411 · PMID 41153154

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highly significantp = 0.000not a probability at all

The moderation analysis showed that PDs with a non-traditional format have a highly significant effect on self-efficacy ( g = 0.820, p = 0.000) and PDs with a traditional format have a modestly significant effect on self-efficacy ( g = 0.462, p = 0.000).

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modestly significantp = 0.000not a probability at all

The moderation analysis showed that PDs with a non-traditional format have a highly significant effect on self-efficacy ( g = 0.820, p = 0.000) and PDs with a traditional format have a modestly significant effect on self-efficacy ( g = 0.462, p = 0.000).

also in 47 other papers

did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Despite a relatively small effect size ( g = 0.192, p = 0.543), the PD effects in non-journal studies did not reach statistical significance.

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