Craniotomy Complexity and Outcomes in Exoscope-Assisted Cranial Surgery: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.

Brain Sci · 2025 · PMC12562995 · PMID 41154156

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.6480

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

Patient positioning showed a highly significant association with lesion depth (χ 2 = 26.0, p < 0.001), with all superficial lesions (100%) utilizing supine positioning compared to none of the deep lesions (0%), which required non-supine approaches.

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.648not close (p > 0.1)

14.3%), did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.648) and were all categorized as “postoperative”, suggesting that despite the increased technical complexity, the exoscope did not negatively influence the surgical technique in complex cases.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.