Biomarker-Sleep Correlations in PTSD: Glutamine, Glutathione, Caspase-1, and BDNF Levels Assessed Using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Addendum.

Past PTSD (5 Years or Below) In the PTSD ≤ 5 y group (current diagnosis lasting 5 years or less), biomarker inter-correlations were moderate, with glutamine–glutathione (ρ = 0.44, p = 0.011) weaker than in the No PTSD group, and caspase-1–BDNF showing a weak negative association (ρ = −0.19, p = 0.28), while glutamine–BDNF exhibited a moderate negative correlation approaching significance (ρ = −0.31, p = 0.083), potentially reflecting interactions between glutamatergic and neurotrophic pathways in recent PTSD ( Table 2 ).

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