Hostility in the ICU Waiting Room: Extrapunitive and Intropunitive Reactions Among Family Members.

Healthcare (Basel) · 2025 · PMC12564782 · PMID 41154329

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0900

closest p · 1.8× alpha

0.0900

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.09so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Regarding kinship, spouses displayed the highest mean levels of total hostility (M = 28.4, SD = 7.2), followed by children (M = 26.1, SD = 6.8) and siblings (M = 25.5, SD = 7.5), although differences did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.09).

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