Fractional Anisotropy Alterations in Key White Matter Pathways Associated with Cognitive Performance Assessed by MoCA.

The group effect was borderline significant, F (2, 65) = 2.90, p = 0.061, with a partial η 2 ≈ 0.08 and a corresponding Cohen’s f ≈ 0.30.

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By contrast, when FA values were expressed as normative percentiles—which inherently adjust for typical age- and sex-related variations—the group differences were more modest and only approached significance, with effect sizes remaining in the moderate range.

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