Standardized <i>Artemisia annua</i> Exhibits Dual Antileishmanial Activity and Immunomodulatory Potential In Vitro.

Upon LPS stimulation, treatment with the 0.6% artemisinin extract (0.6% AN) led to a moderate anti-inflammatory response, with a 25.00% reduction in TNF-α levels compared to the LPS-only group ( Figure 4 A); however, this effect did not reach statistical significance.

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