Causal Link Between Thyroid Function and Female-Specific Cancers: A Bidirectional Two-Sample and Mediation Mendelian Randomization Study.

However, the effect of hyperthyroidism on these patients did not reach statistical significance. 10 Similarly, an MR study investigating the causal relationship between thyroid function and gastric cancer found only a significant negative correlation between hypothyroidism and gastric cancer. 67 Building on these findings, we further explored the role of sex hormones as mediators in the association between hypothyroidism and both endometrial and breast cancers, elucidating the potential regulatory role of the “thyroid-gonadal axis” in female-specific cancers.

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