Risk Factors and Reoperation Rate in Revision Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 1,031,348 Patients.

Global Spine J · 2026 · PMC12578623 · PMID 41168979

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0001

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.1000

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantP < 0.0001actually significant

The heterogeneity across studies was substantial and highly significant (I2 = 99%, P < 0.0001), indicating that the observed variability was not due to chance alone.

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did not reach statistical significanceP = 0.10so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The overall effect did not reach statistical significance (Z = 1.63, P = 0.10), indicating that sex was not identified as a significant predictor of revision surgery in this meta-analysis.

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