Reliability and Readability Assessment of Atrial Fibrillation Patient Information Delivered by Artificial Intelligence-Based Language Models (ChatGPT, YouChat, Gemini, and Perplexity AI) in English and Spanish.

Clin Med Insights Cardiol · 2025 · PMC12579164 · PMID 41180819

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.1300

closest p · 2.6× alpha

0.1300

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significanceP = .13not close (p > 0.1)

Although the ChatGPT model obtained a visibly higher median score than the perplexity model did, this difference did not reach statistical significance ( P = .13).

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