Effects of omega-3 supplementation on gastrointestinal cancers and treatment-related complications: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.

Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) · 2025 · PMC12579984 · PMID 41185743

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Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation significantly alleviated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (SMD: −0.34; 95% CI: −0.56, −0.11; Figure 2A ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (SMD: −0.30; 95% CI: −0.49, −0.12; Figure 2B ) levels, with moderately significant and slightly insignificant heterogeneity, respectively ( I 2 = 63%, P = 0.05; I 2 = 6%, P = 0.38).

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