Gender showed a marginally significant effect ( B = 0.392, p = 0.051 ), while teaching experience ( B = 0.125, p < 0.10 ) and AI usage level ( B = 0.070, p < 0.10 ) also exerted marginally significant influences on voice behavior.
Thus, although this study initially constructed a mediated model with moderation based on theoretical derivation (as shown in Figure 2 ) and proposed Hypothesis H3: that establishment status moderates the mediating path of psychological capital, empirical analysis revealed that the moderating effect of establishment status did not reach statistical significance.