Assessing the disease burden of lower respiratory infections attributable to particulate matter pollution: trends from 1990 to 2021 and projections for 2022-2050.

This relationship was highly significant, with a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r) of -0.8729, denoting a strong, statistically significant inverse correlation (p<0.001).

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As for APMP, an increasing trend is noted in 49 countries and regions, with Cabo Verde recording the most substantial rise at 3.34 (95% CI: 2.68-4.01) ( Figure 3C and Supplementary Table S9 ).

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Globally, DALYs for patients with LRIs attributed to PMP have exhibited a decreasing trend, with a rate of -2.32 (95% CI: -2.39 to -2.25).

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Specifically, DALY due to HAP showed a trend of -2.5 (95% CI: -2.6 to -2.41), while those due to APMP were -1.63 (95% CI: -1.93 to -1.34) ( Table 2 ).

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