The subsurface urban heat island of Basel City: more than a decade of spatiotemporal high-resolution monitoring and modelling.

A positive trend applies in large parts of Kleinbasel—‘positive’ in the quantitative context with detrimental GWT trends by up to 0.25 K increase per year; these extremes are very local, but the regional annual mean GWT also rose from 14.3°C to 14.9°C ( figure 1a ).

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However, temperatures in the USZ show a negative trend (−0.17 K a −1 ).

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