Impact of cigarette prices and age-of-sale policies on smoking prevalence among youth in 26 European Member States (2012-2023): a longitudinal ecological study using repeated cross-sectional data.

Lancet Reg Health Eur · 2026 · PMC12596977 · PMID 41216474

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0840

closest p · 1.7× alpha

0.0840

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.084so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Similar associations were observed for males (r sp = −0.44, p < 0.001), while the association for females did not reach statistical significance (r sp = −0.24, p = 0.084) ( Supplementary Figures S3 ).

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