Causal relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive performance: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2025 · PMC12599665 · PMID 41204539

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

In the replication cohort, left leg and whole-body muscle mass remained positively associated with cognitive function, while other traits did not reach statistical significance, although the direction of effect was consistent with the discovery cohort.

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marginal significanceno p-value reported

The WM analysis was consistent, while the weighted mode showed marginal significance (Fig. 9 ).

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