The impact of proton pump inhibitor exposure on pneumonia: an updated meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.

Front Pharmacol · 2025 · PMC12602524 · PMID 41230098

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0700

closest p · 1.4× alpha

0.0700

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.07so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

However, this difference did not reach statistical significance (RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.99-1.21, p = 0.07; Figure 2 ).

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