Sound symbolism facilitates interspecies communication between humans and domestic dogs (Canis familiaris).

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC12606319 · PMID 41219263

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0800

closest p · 1.6× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

approaching significancep = 0.08so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Similarly, “sit”-up commands, too, were uttered with a higher pitch (523 Hz; SE = 23.5) than the “sit”-down commands (483 Hz; SE = 18.9), with the effect approaching significance (F(1,16.74) = 3.40, p = 0.08).

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