Barely Significant
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Insomnia and Neuroticism in Pakistani Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Healthcare (Basel) · 2025 · PMC12609372 · PMID 41228145

3
hedged sentences
0.0010
closest p · 0.0× alpha
0.0690
boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant
The overall model was highly significant, F(5, 358) = 17.86, p < 0.001, explaining 16.7% of variance in insomnia severity (adjusted R 2 = 0.155, ηp 2 = 0.20).

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marginally non-significantp = 0.069so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)
This marginally non-significant finding ( p = 0.069) High neuroticism was observed in 56.9% of hostel residents and 62.7% of day scholars, demonstrating that personality trait expression is stable across living contexts and is not substantially influenced by residential arrangement.

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These differences represent small effect sizes (Cohen’s h = 0.14 and h = 0.19, respectively) and did not reach statistical significance at α = 0.05, suggesting that living arrangement has limited independent association with insomnia symptom severity in this sample. 3.5.2.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.