Effects of Apnoea versus Normal Breathing on Physiological Responses during High-Intensity Interval Training in Swimming.

J Hum Kinet · 2025 · PMC12612829 · PMID 41245961

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0540

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0540

boldest claim

The sentences

a trend towards significancep = 0.054so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

A trend towards significance was noted at the 2 nd time point ( p = 0.054), while the 3 rd ( p = 0.273) and 4 th ( p = 0.749) time points showed no significant differences ( Figure 2A ).

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a near-significant trendp = 0.054so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

During normal breathing, no significant differences in mean pH levels were found between swimmers and freedivers at any observed time point, despite a near-significant trend at the 2 nd time point ( p = 0.054).

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